A Plan Of Investigation On The Peace After World War I

A Plan of investigation This investigation will explore the extent to which implausible peace settlement propositions during World War I led to the Armistice and eventually engendered German animosity and hostility. This investigation will examine the circumstances of the First World War that drove the Allies to push for an armistice as opposed to an unconditional surrender. It will analyze the tactics of negotiation of the Allies in order to end the war and examine German anger when expectations were not met. Overall, this investigation will examine how this well-intentioned urgency for peace negatively impacted the future of Europe in terms of its failure to fulfill the promises made by the Allies. Research for the investigation will be†¦show more content†¦Masses of German troops shifted from the east to the west. It became evident that, with Germany on the rise to power, American intervention was needed on behalf of the Allies. President Wilson clung to neutrality, but the Bolshevik Revolution but a strain on the American people to intervene in order to safeguard international democracy. With an estimated six months until British surrender, the weary Allies waited for aid. America’s mobilization for war demanded extreme sacrifice of the American people; over 7.5 civilians were conscripted into the armed forces, American factories broke all records for production, monetary aid flowed to the Allies, and civilian consumption was cut drastically. The overstrained Germans met American troops in September of 1918; the offensive proved to be more than the Germans could withstand and an armistice was arranged in November. German Sentiment In September of 1918 dictatorial powers rested with German military leader, General Ludendorff, who realized that Germany’s cause was hopeless. He urged the Kaiser to establish a parliamentary republic hoping that the Allies would treat a peaceful German Republic more leniently than a militaristic empire. Kaiser William II was abdicated in November, the new Weimar Republic of Germany was established, and the armistice was signed. The Armistice Germany agreed to armistice negotiations only if the settlement was founded president Wilson’s

Analysis Of Timothy Snyder s Book Bloodlands Europe...

The mid-20th century was a time of mass murders and totalitarian regimes. Many know of the atrocities committed under Hitler’s Nazi Germany and consider it to be the cause of the highest death count of the time. However, this may not be the case. Timothy Snyder argues in his book entitled Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin that Hitler was not the sole bad guy of the time period. Despite the differing goals of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin, the two regimes intertwined to create a death toll in the bloodlands region of Europe that neither could have achieved on its own and was unprecedented in western history. The â€Å"bloodlands† region was named to represent the massive loss of life inflicted by the Nazi and Soviet regimes on Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic States. Between 1933 and 1945, an estimated 14 million civilians were starved, shot, or imprisoned as a result of the interwoven efforts of Hitler and Stalin (citation). The interweaving of the plots was not always intentional, and history does not represent the two as being codependent. Snyder argues, however, that neither system could have independently led to as many deaths as they did with the assistance of the other. This is why Snyder includes in the bloodlands only â€Å"territories subject to both German and Soviet police power and associated mass killing policies† (Snyder 409). Additionally, of the 14 million killed in the bloodlands during this time period, almost all were noncombatant;

Comparison of Child Characters in Salingers Teddy and A Perfect Day for Bananafish free essay sample

J. D. Salinger’s Nine Stories there are many tales centered on children, who are often depicted as a symbol of hope and connected with the values that stand in contrast to the ones typical of the adults corrupted by materialism. In my essay, I would like to concentrate on the portrayal of children in â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish† and â€Å"Teddy†. Even though the way these characters are depicted is similar, a child protagonist in each of the stories is representative of different things. While Sibyl can be seen as a prototype of a childlike innocence, purity and simplicity, Teddy can hardly be considered a prototypical innocent child. Despite the simplicity of Sibyl’s thinking, her presence and behavior help the reader draw many complex conclusions about the main adult in the story â€Å"A Perfect Day For Bananafish†, Seymour Glass. Having many abilities and experiences but still being a child at the same time, Teddy also provides us with an in depth understanding of the adult world. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Child Characters in Salingers Teddy and A Perfect Day for Bananafish or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my essay, I would therefore like to contrast and compare the things the children stand for and represent, and the way they provide us with the illumination of the motives and values of the adult world. The fact that Sibyl Carpenter can be seen as a representative of a pure innocence has a profound impact on the development of â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish†. The certainty that Sibyl is a pure child character is encouraged by the use of the color blue in several parts of the story that is, next to the color white, known to represent innocence and purity. When Seymour first sees Sybil, he says: â€Å"That’s a fine bathing suit you have on. If there is one thing I like, it’s a blue bathing suit. (Salinger 12) Even though in reality it is not blue but yellow, through this single reference, the innocence of a child seems to be pointed out by Seymour. Almost as soon as Sybil is introduced, it is made obvious that she is characterized by the simplicity typical of children of her age. She seems to ingeniously believe basically everything that is told to her and this is the reason why she accepts the existence of a Bananafish without a doubt when Seymour Glass tell s her about it: â€Å"Sybil, I’ll tell you what we’ll do. We’ll see if we can catch a Bananafish† (Salinger 13). Towards the end of the interaction between Seymour and Sibyl, Seymour â€Å"picked up one of Sybil’s wet feet, which were drooping over the end of the float, and kissed the arch† (Salinger 17). She responded with a sharp â€Å"hey! †, but other than that, she did not react at all. In the sample of a few lines, it is shown that Sybil still has the traits of personality typically found in children. When they are offended, they generally do not stay upset for a long time, much the same as how Sybil immediately forgives Seymour. In spite of being one of the main characters of the story, it is clear that she is still a little girl, with all the traits that come with that age. Teddy, the main character in J. D. Salinger’s short story of the same name, is very different from Sybil Carpenter in that he can hardly be considered child like. One can say that he stands somewhere between a child and an adult. Being ten years old, he has obviously retained some of the youthful innocence but because of his abilities, experiences and experience, he cannot be seen as fully innocent. Teddy is a child prodigy, he can predict the future, and remembers instances from his previous lives believing in reincarnation. While he can be considered blessed to possess all of these abilities, it is also a curse to be ten years old and have to suffer through this. At one point, Teddy says: â€Å"It will either happen today or February 14th 1958, when I am 16. † (Salinger 182) He is most likely referring to the day that he will die, being capable of knowing this information because of the abilities that set him apart from the world. Moreover, he has intelligence that puts him in the same class or even higher as most adults, so he cannot be expected to have all of the innocence that comes with his youthful nature. Therefore, it can be said that Teddy has only half of his innocence, while the other half has disappeared due to his abilities and experiences that also led to the loss of simplicity that can be found in Sibyl, who comes across as a simple, naive child. The one trait of personality that Teddy and Sibyl share is the kindness. The kindness is evidence in both, Sibyl’s treatment of Seymour and Teddy’s behavior. When Teddys sister tells the young boy that he â€Å"is the stupidest person [she] ever met† (176), Teddy kindly defends and reassures the young boy. In his journal it is discovered that all Teddy writes about are small kind acts that he wishes to do for other people: he wants to find and wear his father’s dog tags because he thinks it will â€Å"please him;† he wants to write a condolence letter to someone who is ill, and he wishes to be â€Å"nicer to [the] librarian† (180-1). Sybil’s presence and behavior lea ds one to many conclusions about the main adult in the story, Seymour Glass. Seymour’s motives and values are clearly and concisely revealed through interaction with Sybil. Again, the color blue is used to show innocence. When Seymour takes off his robe to go in the water, it is discovered that â€Å"his shoulders were white and narrow, and his trunks were royal blue† (Saliger 13). Even by his name (Seymour – see more), it is suggested that he is much closer to the nature of a child than to the materialistic adult world, he sees in life much more than they do. In addition to the royal blue swim trunks, interaction between these Sybil and Seymour leads to a further illumination of Seymour’s nature. It is suggested in the story that Seymour is probably suffering from post traumatic stress disorder, yet one would never know that based off of his experience with Sybil. In the interaction with her, he simply seems to be a kind man willing to make the child happy: â€Å"Seymour only treats Sybil with kindness and attention. His interaction with Sybil offers insight into the end of the story. Seymour longs for something that is pure and innocent after his traumatic war experience. He does not fit in the current society, and remains separated from those his own age, including his own wife. (McCoppin 4) When Sybil asks him if he has read Little Black Sambo, he responds by saying â€Å"It’s very funny you ask me that, it so happens I just finished reading it last night. What did you think of it? † (Salinger 14) Seymour seems naturally talented in his dealings with children, which can, in fact, be considered as a sign of innocence, as in order to be able to relate to the i nnocence and purity of a child, it is a must that that person has at least a little innocence of their own. Again, this trait of his personality is only shown through his interactions with Sybil. Through Teddy’s interactions with adults, J. D. Salinger also effectively depicts the motives and values of the adult world. The professor to whom Teddy tells his story is, like in a case of â€Å"Perfect Day For Bananafish†, depicted in contrast to other materialistic adults including Teddy’s parents. He listens intently to Teddy and wishes to learn from him. Through their conversation, we learn that Teddy is a genius who can see into his past lives and into the future. He criticizes the adult world claiming that the adults think that they have all the knowledge and that they are everything, but in reality they are not. To exemplify this point, Teddy uses the example of the elephant, through the method of emptying out the mind: â€Å"I’d try to show [the children] how to find out who they are, not just what their names are and things like that†¦I guess even before that, I’d get them to empty out everything that their parents and everybody ever told them. I mean even if their parents just told them that an elephant’s big, I’d make them empty that out. An elephant is only big when it is next to something else- a dog or a lady, for example. I wouldn’t even tell them that an elephant had a trunk. I might show them an elephant, if I had one handy, but I’d let them just walk up to the elephant not knowing anything more about it than the elephant knew about them. † (Salinger 195) Teddy is basically calling the adult world’s knowledge false, as he seems to be of the opinion that they do not really know anything at all, they just believe things to be true. When somebody first learns about elephants, they are just told that the elephant is big, and that person blindly accepts it, which Teddy considers a huge problem in the society because nobody is actually learning anything as they just believe what people tell them. The proper way to learn is to experience, Teddy has those experiences because he remembers his past lives but the adults of the world do not have that ability. Therefore, Teddy’s abilities and experiences shape the reader’s understanding of the adult world’s lack of knowledge. Along with proving Seymour’s innocence, Sybil’s presence and behavior also shows the reader what Seymour thinks about material possession and greed. When Sybil asks what a Bananafish is, she prompts Seymour to respond by saying: â€Å"Well, [the Bananafish] swim into a hole were there’s a lot of bananas. They’re very ordinary looking fish when they swim in. But once they get in, they behave like pigs. Why, I’ve known some Bananafish to swim into a banana hole and eat as many as 78 bananas. Naturally, after that they’re so fat that they can’t get out of the hole again. † (Salinger 16) This conversation with Sybil is concealing what Seymour thinks about the world of material want: He believes that the world is filled with greedy people who never have enough and always want more. A literary critic J. F. Cotter claims that Seymour relates the tale about the Bananafish to Sybil as a lesson, possibly even a warning: â€Å"Sybil is a receptive child, [she] has yet to taste the avarice that fills most grown-up lives, she†¦can turn away from the spoon held out to her. † (Cotter 88) The characters in the story that are clearly depicted as dwelling too much on material needs involve Seymour’s girlfriend Muriel, Muriels mother, and Sibyl’s mother Mrs. Carpenter with their shallow talk of clothes and fashion. Just like bananafish gorge on bananas, they â€Å"gorge† on material things. Having returned from war, Seymour struggles to get involved in this society that is dominated by materialism and greed. In his friends Seymour he only meets apathy and ignorance. He most likely carries some complicated emotions in him and in this society, he can find neither the way to express them, nor someone to share the emotions with. Therefore, Seymour can identify with Sibyl, the pure and innocent child that is not yet burdened with the materialism and consumerism. Though the world of adults within this story is portrayed as either trite or fearful, Sybil’s world is light and innocent. † (McCoppin 3) However, by Seymour’s account, it is suggested that greed and gluttony will always come back to them, and almost always lead to a downfall. Once the bananafish eat too many bananas, they cannot get out of the hole and end up dying there. Again, Seymour’s view of the societ y is only known because of his relationship with Sybil and her youthfulness. â€Å"Salinger’s depiction of children serves to illuminate the tainted adult world Seymour cannot reenter. (McCoppin 3) The story ends tragically with Seymour’s suicide â€Å"that leaves a lasting message for the reader with its contradiction of a simple, pleasant moment with a child, and Seymour’s fatal belief that he is too damaged to ever reenter this life of innocence again. †The metaphor of the fish eating the bananas in â€Å"A Perfect Day For Bananafish† is equivalent to mankind eating the apple of knowledge. While the bananafish are unable to leave the hole, mankind is unable to eliminate the preconcieved notions that it obtained from the apple. Teddy believes that the only way to change and fix it is to completely empty out one’s mind claiming that this is the only path to enlightenment: â€Å"You know the apple that Adam ate in the Garden of Eden, referred to in the Bible? You know what was in that apple? Logic. Logic and intellectual stuff. That was all that was in it. So- this is my point- what you have to do is vomit it up if you want to see things as they really are. † (Salinger 191) When Teddy says one has to â€Å"vomit it up†, he is referring to getting rid of all the previously held notions, and essentially starting over. He believes that this is the only way to the possibility of living a true life without succumbing to the materialistic pressures that society already places on us. It may be painful and uncomfortable, much like vomiting, but it is the only way life can be better. However, concerning the ending of â€Å"Teddy†, â€Å"the question remains if readers should take Teddy’s teachings as Salinger’s genuine message to help the people of the modern era to find meaning in life, or if Teddy’s tragic end represents Salinger’s acknowledgement that Teddy’s vision of life cannot and perhaps should not exist in present reality. (McCoppin 7) It is interesting how Salinger phrases â€Å"Teddy† because it is the last story in Nine Stories, and it focuses on emptying out, but in the first story, â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish†, Salinger focuses on filling up. Both stories are a commentary on the materialism of the adult world, but â€Å"Teddyà ¢â‚¬  seems to be different in the aspect that it actually tells how one can fix this materialism, rather than just telling what it will do to people, like in â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish†. However, one has to take into consideration the tragic ending of â€Å"Teddy† discussed above. The reader would not know any of the aspects depicted above had it not been for the interactions between children and adults that characterize these two stories. Even though Sybil Carpenter and Teddy McArdle are each innocent in their own way, they are similar in that Salinger uses them, and their youthfulness and innocence, to seamlessly build the stories off of each other and illuminate the motives and values of the adult world. WORKS CITED: Cotter, J. F. â€Å"A Source for Seymour’s Suicide: Rilke’s Voices and Salinger’s Nine Storiesâ€Å". Papers on Language and Literature, Vol. 25, No. 1(1989): 83-98. McCoppin, Rachel Season: War, Children and Altruism in J. D. Salinger’s Nine Stories. Akademeia, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2011). lt;http://www. akademeia. ca/index. php/main/article/viewArticle/ea0102/18gt; Salinger, J. D. Nine Stories. Toronto : Bantam, 1986.

Political Protest for Change

Political protests date back to over two hundred years ago with the aim of bringing about institutional change in political and social-economic cycles. Notable examples include the American Revolution that took place in the late eighteenth century and more specifically, the French Revolution of 1789. The revolutions indeed set a precedence and foundation for the various forms of political protests to realize the essential institutional changes especially against authoritarian regimes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Protest for Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is imperative to note from the outset that this approach should be instituted after all other diplomatic avenues of conflict resolution have failed to yield fruit as demanded by the aggrieved parties. Further, it should be noted that it is a fundamental human right for citizens to hold public gatherings and even demonstrations p rovided that all the constitutional requirements have been met (Ackerman and Kruegler 19). Famous leaders of civilian groups notably Mahatma Gandhi of India, Leo Tolstoy and Luther King Junior of United States advocated for non violent protests to realize the required institutional changes. The organization and actualization of such protest has indeed brought forth the anticipated results with a high rate of effectiveness. As a matter of fact, it has been authoritatively asserted that such protests have brought about over sixty transitions from dictatorial regimes (Gene 6). Countries such as Philippines, Lithuania, France, Israel, Liberia, Trinidad Tobago, Iran, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine and most recently Tunisia are among nations that have been liberated from despotic leadership through political protests. These protests have contributed a great deal in ending colonial rule, promoting rights of minority groups and laying ground for good governance. Gross injustice and repres sive government policies have been done away with courtesy of such protests. Political protests are in essence direct action and have taken various forms with the advent of globalization and advancements in technology. Such forms include but are not limited to the following: public demonstrations, protest march, picketing, protest songs, information warfare including use of internet, civil disobedience, sabotage, boycotts and general strikes. Such are organized by charismatic leaders and rapidly grow to command a large following. These protests apply as per the prevailing circumstances (Ackerman and Kruegler 31). In order to underscore the prominent role played by mass action in form political protests, two fairly recent case studies will be analyzed. The Orange Revolution in Ukraine and the Tunisian Revolution that led to the ouster of President Ben Ali are relevant examples of fruitful political protests. A systematic analysis of the circumstances that led to the political protest s in the mentioned states will help point out the strengths of direct action.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Orange Revolution in Ukraine The presidential election in Ukraine was marred by a series of irregularities. There were a number of allegations of poll cheating, enormous corruption and intimidation of voters. Most observers of the election declared it a sham. Following these irregularities, public demonstrations were held in protest of the electoral outcome. Most citizens were of the opinion that the poll results were doctored in favor of Victor Yanukovych against Viktor Yushchenko. The protest therefore erupted in the capital city of Kiev between November 2004 and early 2005. These daily protests were christened the Orange Revolution that later spread to the entire country. Citizens engaged in public protests, civil disobedience and a number of strikes to express the displeasure at the election outcome. Owing to the continued protests the Supreme Court in Ukraine nullified the results of the presidential election and immediately ordered another vote late in 2004. The rerun definitely drew global interest and worldwide observers trooped in the country to scrutinize the process (Anders and McFaul 158). The run-off was found satisfactory by both the Ukrainian citizens and international observers. The new results released indicated that Viktor Yushchenko had won by fifty two percent against Viktor Yanukovych who now garnered forty four percent of the vote cast. The Orange Revolution came to an end once President Viktor Yushchenko was sworn in as the President of the republic of Ukraine on 23rd January 2004 (Anders and McFaul 159). A number of lessons were drawn from this overly successful protest. Many nations and politicians of the twenty first century came to appreciate that it is futile to arm-twist democracy especially in the current dispensati on. The Tunisian Uprising Mass protests in Tunisia were characterized by mass demonstrations in throughout out the nation from late 2010. The protests that have so far claimed over two hundred lives of Tunisian citizens were ignited by Mohamed Bouazizi on the seventeenth December 2010 when he publicly immolated himself. The citizens decried poor living conditions, high unemployment rates, rampant corruption, curtailed freedom of expression and inflation in food. The riots gathered so much momentum that the incumbent President Abidine Ben Ali had no choice but to resign and seek asylum in Saudi Arabia on twenty third January 2011.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Protest for Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The unfolding of events in Tunisia has indeed set precedence in the Arab world and countries such Yemen, Jordan Egypt and Algeria have engaged in the same. The ouster of Ben Ali prompted format ion of an interim government led by Mohamed Ghannouchi in preparation of elections in the next sixty days. It now remains to be seen how Tunisian authorities will handle the elections and address all issues raised in the protests (Gene 8). Much as political protests are seen to be quite effective, there is need to have a cautious approach towards the matter since its loop side has far reaching repercussions. For instance, the protests may lead to confrontation with ruthless security officials whose outcome is death, injury and untold suffering. Further, the protest may be wrongly utilized to make citizens ungovernable. Political protests should be used to bring sanity in governance and give direction on conflict resolution. Works Cited Ackerman, Peter, and Christopher Kruegler. Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in the Twentieth Century. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994. Print. Anders, Ã…slund, and Michael McFaul. Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraineâ €™s Democratic Breakthrough. Boston: Porter Sargent, 2006. Print. Gene, Sharp. The Politics of Nonviolent Action, part 1: Power and Struggle. Boston: Porter Sargent, 2002. Print. This essay on Political Protest for Change was written and submitted by user Westin T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Honduras

Honduras Essay written by: q_bert The Republic of Honduras is a comparatively large country in Central America. Its area is at 112,088 km2, and has about 13,000,000 people in which about 60% are literate. Honduras is the 2ed largest country in Central America. Their national holiday is their Independence Day and they celebrate this on the 15th of September, although it is not the only time they gained their independence, it is the only time they celebrate. The nation also escaped from the United Provinces of Central America. The capitol of this mainly Spanish and English speaking nation is Tegucigalpa. The history of the country begins when Columbus saw the country, but he generally stayed farther north. Spain began to settle the country in 1524. The two men in charge of the colony were Davila and Orid. The country was largely unprosperous until 1536 when Gold was discovered in the city of Gracias. The discovery of gold got new settlers to come and also created more demand for miners to mine the gold. The indigenous peoples were forced into this job. One year later in 1537 an uprising occurred and it was led by Lempira, who the national currency would be later named after. His base was on a hill known as Pe »ol de Cerqu ¡n and successfully defeated all efforts to subdue him until the year 1538. In 1538 other native groups began following his example and started small uprisings. Lempira was ultimately killed while negotiating with the Spaniards. The fighting was greatly weakened but continued for 3 more years. The defeat of Lempira’s revolt accelerated the decimation of the indigenous peoples. In 1539 there was approximately 15,000 people and two years later there was approximately 8,000. Most of the remaining peoples were divided into encomiendas, a system that left the native people in their villages, but placed them under the control of Spanish settlers. Under the terms of the system the Spanish were to provide the natives wit... Free Essays on Honduras Free Essays on Honduras Honduras Essay written by: q_bert The Republic of Honduras is a comparatively large country in Central America. Its area is at 112,088 km2, and has about 13,000,000 people in which about 60% are literate. Honduras is the 2ed largest country in Central America. Their national holiday is their Independence Day and they celebrate this on the 15th of September, although it is not the only time they gained their independence, it is the only time they celebrate. The nation also escaped from the United Provinces of Central America. The capitol of this mainly Spanish and English speaking nation is Tegucigalpa. The history of the country begins when Columbus saw the country, but he generally stayed farther north. Spain began to settle the country in 1524. The two men in charge of the colony were Davila and Orid. The country was largely unprosperous until 1536 when Gold was discovered in the city of Gracias. The discovery of gold got new settlers to come and also created more demand for miners to mine the gold. The indigenous peoples were forced into this job. One year later in 1537 an uprising occurred and it was led by Lempira, who the national currency would be later named after. His base was on a hill known as Pe »ol de Cerqu ¡n and successfully defeated all efforts to subdue him until the year 1538. In 1538 other native groups began following his example and started small uprisings. Lempira was ultimately killed while negotiating with the Spaniards. The fighting was greatly weakened but continued for 3 more years. The defeat of Lempira’s revolt accelerated the decimation of the indigenous peoples. In 1539 there was approximately 15,000 people and two years later there was approximately 8,000. Most of the remaining peoples were divided into encomiendas, a system that left the native people in their villages, but placed them under the control of Spanish settlers. Under the terms of the system the Spanish were to provide the natives wit...

Canadian Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Canadian Criminal Justice System - Essay Example This paper will analyze the judicial system of Canada and the application of criminal responsibilities for rape crimes, in this country. Canadian Criminal Justice System The legal system of Canadian is based on English Common Law (old), which were brought by explorers and colonists. The law of the immigrants prevailed over the rules of the Canadian settlers, and the law of the immigrants guided the conduct of people in Canada for a long time. The judicial system is crucial in a country; it facilitates the application of justice in the society, and it helps punish the law breakers. Most aspects of the Canadian criminal justice system are unique and different from other systems in the world. However, the Canadian system of criminal justice inclines towards utilizing the due process model. The suspects’ rights are respected and protected until their guilt is proven, without doubt. This is one of the most significant tenets; therefore, a person charged with offense (criminal) is o nly proved guilty by a jury. Otherwise, a suspect of a criminal offense is treated and believed to be guilty during the process of trial, in a law court. In the event that the police are convinced that their grounds are adequate to proceed with a criminal charge against an accused person, then the accused is apprehended to answer the charges before the court (Howe & Russell, 2001). Further, the accused person is entitled to an affordable bail. In the event that the issue reaches the stage of trial, the crown attorney who is prosecuting the accused person assumes the responsibility of proving that indeed the suspect committed the offense. For instance, if it is a murder charge, the crown attorney will call the people who witnessed the accused committing the crime, and in other forms of crimes like rape or robbery, the attorney will call the victims to testify against the suspect (Howe & Russell, 2001). Depending with the strength of evidence presented by the prosecutor, the suspect m ay call on his own witnesses who would bring reasonable doubt to the case. In such an event, the jury is left with the mandate to pass judgment, with regard to the available evidence and witnesses. At this stage, the case goes to sentencing stage where the judge passes the sentence, either acquitting the accused if there is no substantive evidence, or a jail term in proportion with the nature of the criminal offence (Ehrlich, 2001). This model utilizes the adversarial system where the judge acts as an independent arbiter, and he is the one who adjudicates between the prosecutor and his witnesses and the accused and his witnesses. Apparently, the paper has disrobed the judicial system that exists in Canada, and it will shift the focus on investigating the applicability and assignment of criminal responsibility to sexual offenders. Rape is described as the act of forcibly having sexual contact with a female partner, without her consent. Sexual offences are further incorporated with ha ving sexual contact with persons who are minors. Sexual contact with minors is another serious criminal offence, which can attract heavy fines and long jail sentences. The pursuits of these cases are based on the two popular models of justice, which are employed by the Canadian law enforcement agencies, as well as the judicial system (Ehrlich, 2001). The initial model that is employed in assigning criminal responsi

Slavery and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Slavery and Religion - Essay Example On the other hand, religion refers to a collection of beliefs, and cultural systems which relate humanity to spirituality as well as to morality. In most cases, religion tends to guide people in their day-to-day lives with regards to humanity, spirituality and morality. Conversely, the two aspects, religion and slavery were a salient feature in most societies. Thus, the relationship between slavery and religion has been of major concern. They are intricately interlinked. In this regard, slavery cannot be wholly exonerated from religion. On one hand, slavery played a substantial role in the establishment and growth of slavery. On the other hand, slavery contributed to the establishment and development of various religions. Taking another dimension, religion played a palpable role in the eradication of slavery. Thus on this premises, this paper analyzes the mutual relationship religion and slavery. Much emphasis is however placed on the three most prevalent religions: Christianity, Isl am and Hinduism in correspondence to slavery. Prior to analyzing each of the major religions with regards to slavery, it is important to preview the concept of slavery before the existence of the world’s elaborate religions. Indeed, one thing that turns out clearly, is that slavery is of great antiquity. The ancient world was marred by various forms of servitude. These vary from class enslavement, collective slavery, sacerdotal slavery, individual enslavement to feudal enslavement1. In addition, various reasons accounted for slavery at various specified times in history. In this regards, slavery existed due to war, where those defeated in wars were captured and taken in as slaves. In some instances, slaves were purchased, other were given as gifts. In some communities, some people became slaves by virtue of birth, whereas some people gave themselves in as slaves as a settlement of debts accrued to them. In the ancient Greek, slave was a common phenomenon. This is evidenced fr om the records of the great Greek Philosophers Aristotle and Plato who asserted that slavery existed and was defined as the natural law of humanity2. Plato further averred that, for there to be a state of balance in the society, there must be two groups of people, the slaves, and the free. Early literary works as expressed in form of paintings and writings depicted an element of slavery which marred the ancient Greek. For instance early Poets and orators never ceased to talk ill of slavery. There works revealed the inhuman treatment to which slaves were subjected to. Most of them yearned for a revolution. They therefore advocated for freedom of slaves. In the early Roman times, slavery was palpable in the military and general life of the Romans. They extensively participated in the slave trade which was one of the lucrative ventures of the time. In most instances, they sourced their slaves form wars. However, the Roman Empire faced much resistance from slaves. The world’s ren own earliest slave revolution championed by Spartacus depicts how the vice had taken root in the Roman empire3. Slaves were equated to commodities, and never acknowledged as human beings. There was however a turn of events when the Roman people embraced Christianity a while later. They began to treat slaves with humane. Ancient China was also not immune of slavery. It has been recorded that poverty intensified slavery in China to large extents4. Due to economic hardships, many people sold themselves or their family members to rich masters. Some people would also sell other to avert the economic hardships. The Indian people of ancient time also acknowledged slavery. Apparently, slavery among eth Hindus was perpetuated by the incumbent